Symbol reference · Galdrastafir

Loki

/ˈlɔki/Old Norse Loki, masculine noun; origin uncertain. Also called Loptr

The short answer

A giant's son counted among the Æsir: the trickster of Norse myth, who wins the gods many of their greatest treasures and then brings about their end. He fathers Fenrir, Jörmungandr and Hel, arranges the death of Baldr, and lies bound until Ragnarök, when he breaks free to fight against the gods.

Compiled by VikingsBrandLast reviewed 21 September 20264 cited sourcesCC BY 4.0: free to cite & reuse
Loki belongs fully to neither gods nor giants. Snorri counts him among the Æsir, but his father is the giant Fárbauti and his mother is Laufey, also called Nál. His place among the gods rests on an oath: in Lokasenna he reminds Odin that in the early days the two of them mixed their blood, and that Odin swore never to drink unless Loki was served too. He is Odin's blood-brother, not his brother, and no source makes him Thor's brother; Snorri's list of names for him calls him only a 'kinsman and uncle' of Odin and the Æsir.
Many of the gods' chief treasures exist because of Loki. He cuts off Sif's hair and, to save his skin, gets the dwarves to forge replacements: new golden hair for Sif, the ship Skíðblaðnir and the spear Gungnir from the sons of Ívaldi, then the ring Draupnir, the boar Gullinbursti and the hammer Mjölnir from Brokkr and his brother Eitri (Sindri in some manuscripts). Loki loses his wager with Brokkr, and the dwarf sews his lips shut. Another time he turns himself into a mare to draw the stallion Svaðilfari away from the giant building Asgard's wall, and gives birth to Sleipnir. The gods come out of each crisis he causes richer than before.
With the giantess Angrboða he fathers Fenrir, Jörmungandr and Hel, the three who will help destroy the gods. He puts the mistletoe in the blind Höðr's hand and guides the throw that kills Baldr, and a giantess called Þökk, whom Snorri says people took to be Loki, refuses to weep Baldr out of Hel. The gods bind him with the guts of his own son, Skaði hangs a serpent over his face, and his wife Sigyn catches the venom in a bowl. When she turns away to empty it, the poison falls on him, and his writhing is what people call earthquakes. At Ragnarök he breaks free, and he and Heimdallr kill each other.
Outside the manuscripts he is harder to find. One of the earliest poems to name him is Haustlöng, attributed to Þjóðólfr of Hvinir and traditionally dated to around 900, which tells how he handed the goddess Iðunn to the giant Þjazi and then had to fetch her back. There is no sign he was ever worshipped: no place names, no personal names built on his, no report of offerings. A few Viking-Age carvings are often linked to him, most famously the Snaptun stone from Denmark, a soapstone forge stone with a face whose lips look stitched, which recalls Brokkr's needle. The identification is plausible, not certain. His name is just as hard to pin down.

Primary source Verbatim

Loki er fríðr ok fagr sýnum, illr í skaplyndi, mjök fjölbreytinn at háttum. Hann hafði þá speki um fram aðra menn, er slægð heitir, ok vélar til allra hluta.

Loki is handsome and fair to look at, evil in character and very changeable in his ways. He had, beyond other men, the kind of wisdom that is called cunning, and a trick for every purpose.

GYLFAGINNING, ch. 33 · translation editorial
Manuscript
Codex Regius of Snorra Edda (GKS 2367 4to)
Compiler
Snorri Sturluson
Place & date
Iceland, c. 1220 (manuscript early 14th c.)
Held at
Árni Magnússon Institute, Reykjavík

Etymology

Loki Old Norse origin disputed; often linked to lúka, 'to close, to end', which would make him 'the ender', though none of the proposals is secure
Loptr Old Norse his second name, from lopt, 'air, sky': 'the airy one'

No proposed origin is secure. The old equation of Loki with logi, 'fire', rests largely on the likeness of the names, and in the one story that sets Loki beside Logi, the two are opponents.

Common misconceptions

Common claim What the record says
“Loki is Thor's brother and Odin's adopted son.” That is Marvel, not the sources. Loki is the son of the giant Fárbauti and of Laufey, also called Nál. His tie to Odin is an oath: in Lokasenna he recalls that the two mixed their blood in the early days. He travels with Thor in several stories as a companion. No source makes him Thor's brother or Odin's son.
“Loki is the Norse god of fire.” No medieval source makes him one. The idea grew from a confusion with Logi, 'flame', who beats Loki in an eating contest at Útgarða-Loki's hall in Gylfaginning, and from 19th-century nature-myth scholarship. Wagner's fire spirit Loge fixed it in popular memory. In the one story where both appear, they are opponents.
“Loki was worshipped as the god of mischief.” There is no evidence of any cult: no place names, no personal names formed on Loki, no mention of offerings. He appears in stories, not in cult. 'God of mischief' is a modern label; Snorri says that some call him the slanderer of the Æsir and the originator of deceits.

Frequently asked questions

Who is Loki in Norse mythology?
A giant's son counted among the gods: the shapeshifting trickster who wins the gods many of their greatest treasures, including Mjolnir and Gungnir, and then brings about their end. He arranges Baldr's death, is bound until Ragnarok, and breaks free to fight against the gods.
Is Loki Thor's brother?
No. That comes from Marvel. In the sources Loki is the son of the giant Farbauti and of Laufey, and his tie to Odin is an oath of blood-brotherhood, recalled in Lokasenna. He often travels with Thor, but as a companion, not a brother.
Who are Loki's children?
With the giantess Angrboda he fathers the wolf Fenrir, the world serpent Jormungandr and Hel, ruler of the dead. As a mare he gives birth to Odin's horse Sleipnir. The binding story names two sons, Narfi (or Nari) and Vali; Snorri names Sigyn as Narfi's mother.
Why did Loki kill Baldr?
The sources give almost no motive. Snorri says only that Loki was displeased to see that nothing could harm Baldr. He found the one thing that could, the mistletoe, and guided the blind Hodr's throw. The full story is in our Baldur article.
How was Loki punished?
The gods bound him to three stones with the guts of his own son, and the giantess Skadi hung a venomous serpent over his face. His wife Sigyn holds a bowl to catch the venom; when she empties it, the drops make him writhe, and that is said to cause earthquakes. More on her in our Sigyn article.
Was Loki worshipped by the Vikings?
There is no evidence that he was: no place names, no personal names built on his, and no report of offerings. A few Viking-Age carvings are linked to him, such as the Snaptun stone from Denmark with its stitched lips, but these suggest a figure people told stories about; there is no evidence that anyone prayed to him.

Bibliography

  1. 1. The Poetic Edda (Lokasenna, Völuspá, Þrymskviða; Baldrs draumar from AM 748 I a 4to), Codex Regius, c. 1270. Trans. Carolyne Larrington, rev. ed., Oxford World's Classics, 2014.
  2. 2. Snorri Sturluson, Edda (Gylfaginning; Skáldskaparmál), c. 1220. Trans. Anthony Faulkes, Everyman, 1987.
  3. 3. Rudolf Simek, Dictionary of Northern Mythology, trans. Angela Hall, D. S. Brewer, 1993, s.v. 'Loki'.
  4. 4. John Lindow, Norse Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs, Oxford University Press, 2001, s.v. 'Loki'.

Cite this entry

VikingsBrand. “Loki.” VikingsBrand Library, reviewed 21 September 2026, vikingsbrand.co/pages/library/loki.