Symbol reference · Galdrastafir
Loki
/ˈlɔki/Old Norse Loki, masculine noun; origin uncertain. Also called Loptr
A giant's son counted among the Æsir: the trickster of Norse myth, who wins the gods many of their greatest treasures and then brings about their end. He fathers Fenrir, Jörmungandr and Hel, arranges the death of Baldr, and lies bound until Ragnarök, when he breaks free to fight against the gods.
Many of the gods' chief treasures exist because of Loki. He cuts off Sif's hair and, to save his skin, gets the dwarves to forge replacements: new golden hair for Sif, the ship Skíðblaðnir and the spear Gungnir from the sons of Ívaldi, then the ring Draupnir, the boar Gullinbursti and the hammer Mjölnir from Brokkr and his brother Eitri (Sindri in some manuscripts). Loki loses his wager with Brokkr, and the dwarf sews his lips shut. Another time he turns himself into a mare to draw the stallion Svaðilfari away from the giant building Asgard's wall, and gives birth to Sleipnir. The gods come out of each crisis he causes richer than before.
With the giantess Angrboða he fathers Fenrir, Jörmungandr and Hel, the three who will help destroy the gods. He puts the mistletoe in the blind Höðr's hand and guides the throw that kills Baldr, and a giantess called Þökk, whom Snorri says people took to be Loki, refuses to weep Baldr out of Hel. The gods bind him with the guts of his own son, Skaði hangs a serpent over his face, and his wife Sigyn catches the venom in a bowl. When she turns away to empty it, the poison falls on him, and his writhing is what people call earthquakes. At Ragnarök he breaks free, and he and Heimdallr kill each other.
Outside the manuscripts he is harder to find. One of the earliest poems to name him is Haustlöng, attributed to Þjóðólfr of Hvinir and traditionally dated to around 900, which tells how he handed the goddess Iðunn to the giant Þjazi and then had to fetch her back. There is no sign he was ever worshipped: no place names, no personal names built on his, no report of offerings. A few Viking-Age carvings are often linked to him, most famously the Snaptun stone from Denmark, a soapstone forge stone with a face whose lips look stitched, which recalls Brokkr's needle. The identification is plausible, not certain. His name is just as hard to pin down.
Primary source Verbatim
Loki er fríðr ok fagr sýnum, illr í skaplyndi, mjök fjölbreytinn at háttum. Hann hafði þá speki um fram aðra menn, er slægð heitir, ok vélar til allra hluta.
Loki is handsome and fair to look at, evil in character and very changeable in his ways. He had, beyond other men, the kind of wisdom that is called cunning, and a trick for every purpose.
GYLFAGINNING, ch. 33 · translation editorial
Etymology
No proposed origin is secure. The old equation of Loki with logi, 'fire', rests largely on the likeness of the names, and in the one story that sets Loki beside Logi, the two are opponents.
Common misconceptions
Frequently asked questions
Who is Loki in Norse mythology?
Is Loki Thor's brother?
Who are Loki's children?
Why did Loki kill Baldr?
How was Loki punished?
Was Loki worshipped by the Vikings?
Bibliography
- 1. The Poetic Edda (Lokasenna, Völuspá, Þrymskviða; Baldrs draumar from AM 748 I a 4to), Codex Regius, c. 1270. Trans. Carolyne Larrington, rev. ed., Oxford World's Classics, 2014.
- 2. Snorri Sturluson, Edda (Gylfaginning; Skáldskaparmál), c. 1220. Trans. Anthony Faulkes, Everyman, 1987.
- 3. Rudolf Simek, Dictionary of Northern Mythology, trans. Angela Hall, D. S. Brewer, 1993, s.v. 'Loki'.
- 4. John Lindow, Norse Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs, Oxford University Press, 2001, s.v. 'Loki'.