Symbol reference · Galdrastafir

Aegir and Ran

/ˈeɪɡɪər/ (Ægir); /rɑːn/ (Rán)Old Norse Ægir, masculine noun (genitive Ægis), also a poetic word for 'sea'; Rán, feminine noun (genitive Ránar)

The short answer

The sea giant Ægir and his wife Rán. Ægir, also called Hlér and Gymir, brews ale for the gods and hosts their feasts in a hall lit by glowing gold. Rán owns a net in which she catches men at sea, and their nine daughters are the waves.

Compiled by VikingsBrandLast reviewed 2 October 20265 cited sourcesCC BY 4.0: free to cite & reuse
Snorri opens Skáldskaparmál with 'a man named Ægir or Hlér'. He lived on the island now called Hlésey and was very skilled in magic. When he visited Ásgarðr, the gods welcomed him, though much of what he saw was illusion, and in the evening Odin had swords brought into the hall so bright that no other light was needed. Bragi sat next to him and told him the gods' stories, and their talk frames the first part of Snorri's book on poetry. Elsewhere Snorri says that 'Ægir and Hlér and Gymir are all one', and ægir, gymir and hlér all appear in his list of words for the sea. The Eddic poem Hymiskviða calls Ægir a jötunn, and a verse list of giant names copied with Snorri's Edda includes him.
He is the gods' host. Snorri tells how Ægir invited the Æsir to his own hall in three months' time and had glowing gold carried onto his hall floor to light the feast, as the swords had lit Valhalla. That is why poets call gold 'Ægir's fire' and 'fire of the sea'. Food, ale and every vessel served themselves. Snorri places Loki's quarrel with the gods at this feast, and Lokasenna tells it: the prose calls the hall a great sanctuary, Loki kills Ægir's servant Fimafengr, and in the last stanza (65) he curses his host never to hold a feast again. Hymiskviða explains how the brewing started. Thor glared at Ægir and told him he would often give feasts for the Æsir. The giant, irritated and thinking of revenge, asked for a cauldron big enough to brew for them all, and Thor fetched one a league deep from the giant Hymir. In Grímnismál 45 Odin says that all the Æsir will come in to Ægir's benches, to Ægir's drinking.
Rán is his wife. Snorri says the Æsir learned at the feast that she owned a net in which she caught everyone who went out on the sea. In the prose of Reginsmál and in Völsunga saga, Loki goes to Rán for that net to catch the dwarf Andvari, who swims in a waterfall as a pike; in Snorri's own telling Loki simply grabs him. The couple have nine daughters, listed by Snorri as Himinglæva, Dúfa, Blóðughadda, Hefring, Uðr, Hrönn, Bylgja, Bára and Kólga, with Dröfn in place of Bára in a second list. Most of the names are ordinary words for waves. In Helgakviða Hundingsbana I (st. 29–30) 'Ægir's daughter' tries to sink Helgi's fleet, and Sigrún saves the ships from 'Rán's hand'.
At sea, Rán stood for drowning. Egill Skallagrímsson's son Böðvarr drowned in a storm with everyone on board (Egils saga, ch. 78), and in Sonatorrek 7 Egill says 'Rán has shaken me hard' and that the sea tore the bonds of his kin. The next stanza is usually read as a wish to fight Ægir, 'the ale-smith', and his wife, if a sword could settle it. In Friðþjófs saga, after a great sea strikes the ship and four men are lost, Friðþjófr says they will surely go to Rán and tells every man to carry gold, so they arrive as fitting guests in her hall. Eyrbyggja saga says that when drowned men came dripping into their own funeral feast, people took it as a good sign: they would be well received at Rán's.

Primary source Verbatim

Fyrir hví er gull kallat eldr Ægis? Þessi saga er til þess, er fyrr er getit, at Ægir sótti heimboð til Ásgarðs, en er hann var búinn til heimferðar, þá bauð hann til sín Óðni ok öllum ásum á þriggja mánaða fresti. [...] En er goðin höfðu setzt í sæti, þá lét Ægir bera inn á hallargólf lýsigull, þat er birti ok lýsti höllina sem eldr, ok þat var þar haft fyrir ljós at hans veizlu, sem í Valhöllu váru sverðin fyrir eld. Þá sennti Loki þar við öll goð ok drap þræl Ægis, þann er Fimafengr hét. Annarr þræll hans er nefndr Eldir. Rán er nefnd kona hans, en níu dætr þeira, svá sem fyrr er ritat. At þeiri veizlu vannst allt sjálft, bæði vist ok öl ok öll reiða, er til veizlunnar þurfti. Þá urðu æsir þessir varir, at Rán átti net þat, er hon veiddi í menn alla, þá er á sæ kómu.

Why is gold called Ægir's fire? Behind it lies this story, mentioned before: Ægir went to a feast in Ásgarðr, and when he was ready to go home, he invited Odin and all the Æsir to visit him in three months' time. [...] When the gods had taken their seats, Ægir had light-gold carried onto the hall floor, and it shone and lit the hall like fire. It was used for light at his feast, as the swords had been used for fire in Valhalla. Then Loki quarrelled there with all the gods and killed Ægir's slave, who was called Fimafengr. His other slave is named Eldir. Rán is named as his wife, and their nine daughters, as was written before. At that feast everything served itself: food and ale and all the vessels the feast needed. Then the Æsir became aware that Rán had a net in which she caught all the men who went out on the sea.

SKÁLDSKAPARMÁL, ch. 33 (Faulkes' numbering; ch. 41 in Guðni Jónsson's text) · text ed. Guðni Jónsson · translation editorial ↗
Manuscript
Codex Regius of Snorra Edda (GKS 2367 4to)
Compiler
Snorri Sturluson
Place & date
Iceland, c. 1220 (manuscript early 14th c.)
Held at
Árni Magnússon Institute, Reykjavík

Etymology

Ægir Old Norse 'sea'; also an ordinary poetic word for the sea, listed by Snorri among the sea-names. Often compared with Old English ēagor, 'flood, sea', and sometimes traced further back to Gothic ahwa, 'river', and Latin aqua, 'water'. None of these links is certain
Rán Old Norse perhaps the same word as the common noun rán, 'robbery, plunder', which would suit a figure who takes men from ships; the link is often made but not proven

The meaning of his other name, Hlér, is unclear. Hlésey means 'Hlér's island' and is usually identified with Læsø in the Kattegat. Gymir is harder still: in Lokasenna the prose gives it as Ægir's other name, while stanza 42 uses it for the father of Gerðr.

Common misconceptions

Common claim What the record says
“Aegir is one of the Æsir, a god of the sea.” He is the Æsir's host, not one of them. Hymiskviða calls him a jötunn and a bergbúi, 'mountain-dweller', and the verse list of giant names copied with Snorri's Edda includes Ægir. Snorri introduces him simply as 'a man' skilled in magic, but his kenning for wind, 'son of Fornjótr, brother of Ægir and of fire', puts him in a giant family; Fornjótr is on the same giant list. The friendship has limits: in Hymiskviða he brews only after Thor bullies him, and he thinks of revenge.
“Aegir is the Norse Poseidon, a sea king with a crown and trident.” No Norse source gives Ægir a crown or a trident. Both come from Greco-Roman pictures of Poseidon and Neptune, and modern art, the figure on this page included, borrows them. What the sources give him is a hall, ale, a cauldron Thor carried off from the giant Hymir, and a feast lit by gold. The net in the story belongs to his wife Rán.
“Aegir and Njord are the same sea god.” The sources keep them apart. Njörðr is one of the Vanir, father of Freyr and Freyja, and lives in the sky at Nóatún; Snorri says he rules the course of the wind, calms sea and fire, and is invoked for seafaring and fishing (Gylfaginning 23). Ægir is a giant whose name is a word for the sea itself. In Lokasenna, Njörðr sits among the guests in Ægir's hall.

Frequently asked questions

Who is Aegir in Norse mythology?
A sea giant who brews ale for the gods and hosts their feasts. Snorri says he lived on the island of Hlesey and was very skilled in magic, and his name is also an ordinary poetic word for the sea. More about him is in our Aegir article.
Who is Ran in Norse mythology?
Aegir's wife. Snorri says she owned a net in which she caught everyone who went out on the sea. In Reginsmal and Volsunga saga, Loki gets the net from her to catch the dwarf Andvari, who was living in a waterfall in the shape of a pike.
Is Aegir a god or a giant?
A giant. The Eddic poem Hymiskvida calls him a jotunn, and a verse list of giant names includes him. He is on good terms with the gods all the same: he visits Asgard, they feast in his hall, and in Grimnismal Odin says all the gods will come to drink on Aegir's benches.
What are the names of Aegir's nine daughters?
Snorri lists Himinglaeva, Dufa, Blodughadda, Hefring, Udr, Hronn, Bylgja, Bara and Kolga, and in a second list Drofn takes the place of Bara. Most of the names are ordinary words for waves, and poets use 'Aegir's daughters' for the waves themselves.
Why did Thor fetch a cauldron for Aegir?
In the poem Hymiskvida, Thor tells Aegir he will often have to give feasts for the gods. Irritated, the giant demands a cauldron big enough to brew ale for all of them. Tyr says that his father, the giant Hymir, owns one a league deep, and Thor brings it back.
What does it mean to go to Ran?
To drown at sea. In Fridthjofs saga, after a great sea sweeps four men off the ship in a storm, Fridthjof says they will surely go to Ran and tells each man to carry gold, so that they arrive as fitting guests in her hall. Eyrbyggja saga says people believed the drowned were well received by Ran if they appeared at their own funeral feast.

Bibliography

  1. 1. Snorri Sturluson, Edda (Gylfaginning 23; Skáldskaparmál G55, 25 and 33 in Faulkes' numbering, chs. 1, 33 and 41 in Guðni Jónsson's text; also chs. 35, 46 and 76 in Guðni's text for the wind kenning, the otter's ransom and the sea-names; the þulur of giants and ásynjur printed with it), c. 1220. Ed. Anthony Faulkes, Viking Society for Northern Research, 1998 and 2005; trans. Faulkes, Everyman, 1987. heimskringla.no ↗
  2. 2. The Poetic Edda (Grímnismál 45; Hymiskviða 1–5 and 39; Lokasenna, prose introduction and st. 42 and 65; Helgakviða Hundingsbana I 29–30; Reginsmál, prose introduction), Codex Regius, GKS 2365 4to, c. 1270. Trans. Carolyne Larrington, rev. ed., Oxford World's Classics, 2014. handrit.is ↗
  3. 3. Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar, ch. 78, with Egill's Sonatorrek, st. 7–8 (text in Finnur Jónsson, Carmina Scaldica, 1929), 13th c. heimskringla.no ↗
  4. 4. Völsunga saga, ch. 14; Friðþjófs saga ins frækna, ch. 3 in the heimskringla.no text; Eyrbyggja saga, ch. 54. Völsunga saga and Friðþjófs saga ed. Guðni Jónsson and Bjarni Vilhjálmsson, Fornaldarsögur Norðurlanda. heimskringla.no ↗
  5. 5. Rudolf Simek, Dictionary of Northern Mythology, trans. Angela Hall, D. S. Brewer, 1993, s.v. 'Ægir' and 'Rán'.

Cite this entry

VikingsBrand. “Aegir and Ran.” VikingsBrand Library, reviewed 2 October 2026, vikingsbrand.co/pages/library/aegir.