Symbol reference · Galdrastafir

Baldr

/ˈbɔːldər/Old Norse Baldr, masculine noun; also Balder, Baldur

The short answer

Odin's second son, the best and most beloved of the Æsir, so fair that light shines from him. His death, shot by his blind brother Höðr with a shaft of mistletoe that Loki put in his hand, is the great loss of Norse myth, and the binding of Loki that follows leads on to Ragnarök.

Compiled by VikingsBrandLast reviewed 24 September 20264 cited sourcesCC BY 4.0: free to cite & reuse
Snorri calls Baldr Odin's second son and says there is good to tell of him. He is the best of the gods and everyone praises him. He is so fair and so bright that light shines from him, and the whitest of all plants is named after his eyelashes, Baldrs brá. He is the wisest of the Æsir, the most eloquent and the most merciful, yet, Snorri adds, none of his judgements can hold (the sense of the phrase is disputed). He lives in Breiðablik, 'broad-shining', a place in heaven where nothing unclean may be. His mother is Frigg, his wife is Nanna and his son is Forseti.
Baldr dreams that his life is in danger. Frigg makes fire and water, iron and every metal, stones, earth, trees, sicknesses, beasts, birds, poisons and serpents swear not to harm him, and the gods make a game of shooting and striking at him. Loki, disguised as a woman, learns from Frigg that one young shoot growing west of Valhöll, the mistletoe, was not asked to swear. He pulls it up, puts it in the hand of the blind god Höðr and guides his aim. The shaft goes through Baldr and he falls dead: 'the greatest misfortune ever done among gods and men', in Snorri's words.
Baldr is burned on his ship Hringhorni, which only the giantess Hyrrokkin can launch. His wife Nanna dies of grief and is laid on the pyre with him, Thor hallows the fire with Mjölnir, and Odin lays on it the gold ring Draupnir. Hermóðr rides Sleipnir to Hel to ask for him back. Hel agrees on one condition: every thing in the world, living and dead, must weep for him. Everything weeps except a giantess called Þökk, sitting in a cave, who says she will weep dry tears, and people believe she was Loki. So Baldr stays with Hel. The Eddic poem Völuspá says that in the new world after Ragnarök 'Baldr will come', and he and Höðr will live together in Odin's victory-halls.
The Danish historian Saxo Grammaticus, writing around 1200, tells a very different story: Balderus is a demigod who fights the human hero Hotherus over Nanna. Only a sword kept by the satyr Mimingus can harm him; Hotherus wins it, wounds him in the side, and Balderus dies three days later and is buried in a mound. Snorri's version is the one that shaped the modern picture.

Primary source Verbatim

Annarr sonr Óðins er Baldr, ok er frá honum gott at segja. Hann er beztr, ok hann lofa allir. Hann er svá fagr álitum ok bjartr, svá at lýsir af honum.

Odin's second son is Baldr, and there is good to tell of him. He is the best, and all praise him. He is so fair of face and so bright that light shines from him.

GYLFAGINNING, ch. 22 · translation editorial ↗
Manuscript
Codex Regius of Snorra Edda (GKS 2367 4to)
Compiler
Snorri Sturluson
Place & date
Iceland, c. 1220 (manuscript early 14th c.)
Held at
Árni Magnússon Institute, Reykjavík

Etymology

Baldr Old Norse origin uncertain; often linked with Old English bealdor, 'lord, prince'; in skaldic verse the name serves as the base of kennings for men and rulers (folk-Baldr, 'Baldr of the people', a king)
Breiðablik Old Norse 'broad-shining' or 'broad splendour', from breiðr, 'broad', and blik, 'gleam'; Baldr's dwelling

Whether the god's name meant 'lord' first, or whether the word for 'lord' came from the god's name, cannot be settled from the surviving evidence.

Common misconceptions

Common claim What the record says
“Baldr is the Norse god of light or of the sun.” Snorri says light shines from him because he is so fair, but no medieval source calls him god of the sun or gives him charge of light. The title is modern.
“Loki shot Baldr with a mistletoe arrow.” In Snorri the blind god Höðr shoots; Loki only gives him the mistletoe and shows him where to aim. Snorri calls it a shoot or a twig, not an arrow.
“Kissing under the mistletoe comes from the Baldr myth.” No Norse source links the two. The kissing custom is first recorded in England in the late 18th century, more than five hundred years after Snorri, and the link to Baldr is a modern guess.

Frequently asked questions

Who is Baldr in Norse mythology?
The second son of Odin and Frigg, the best and most beloved of the gods, so fair that light shines from him. His death is the great loss of Norse myth and leads to the binding of Loki, whose escape starts Ragnarok.
How did Baldr die?
Frigg made everything swear not to harm him except a young shoot of mistletoe. Loki found out, pulled it up and put it in the hand of the blind god Hod, then guided his aim while the gods were shooting at Baldr for sport. The shaft went through him and he fell dead.
Why did Baldr not come back from Hel?
Hel promised to let him go if everything in the world wept for him. Everything did except a giantess called Thokk, who said she would weep dry tears. People believed she was Loki in disguise.
Who rode to Hel to bring Baldr back?
His brother Hermod, riding Odin's eight-legged horse Sleipnir. He rode nine nights through dark valleys, crossed the bridge over the river Gjoll and leapt the gate of Hel.
Does Baldr return after Ragnarok?
Yes. Voluspa says that in the new world after Ragnarok 'Baldr will come', and he and Hod will live together in Odin's victory-halls. Snorri adds that the two come back from Hel. More about the god is in our Baldur article.
Is Baldr, Balder or Baldur correct?
Baldr is the Old Norse form. Balder is the modern Scandinavian spelling and the older English one, and Baldur is the modern Icelandic form, now also common in English. All three name the same god.

Bibliography

  1. 1. Snorri Sturluson, Edda (Gylfaginning 22 and 49), c. 1220. Trans. Anthony Faulkes, Everyman, 1987. heimskringla.no ↗
  2. 2. The Poetic Edda (Völuspá 31–35 and 62), Codex Regius, GKS 2365 4to, c. 1270; Baldrs draumar in AM 748 I a 4to. Trans. Carolyne Larrington, rev. ed., Oxford World's Classics, 2014. handrit.is ↗
  3. 3. Saxo Grammaticus, Gesta Danorum, Book III, c. 1200. Ed. Karsten Friis-Jensen, trans. Peter Fisher, Oxford Medieval Texts, 2015. la.wikisource.org ↗
  4. 4. Rudolf Simek, Dictionary of Northern Mythology, trans. Angela Hall, D. S. Brewer, 1993, s.v. 'Baldr'.

Cite this entry

VikingsBrand. “Baldr.” VikingsBrand Library, reviewed 24 September 2026, vikingsbrand.co/pages/library/baldr.