Library reference · Gods

Bragi

/ˈbrɑːɡi/Old Norse Bragi, masculine noun (genitive Braga)

The short answer

The god of poetry among the Æsir, renowned for wisdom and eloquence, and the husband of Iðunn, keeper of the apples of youth. Snorri says poetry is called bragr after him, and at the opening of Skáldskaparmál he tells the sea giant Ægir the gods' stories.

Compiled by VikingsBrandLast reviewed 3 October 20265 cited sourcesCC BY 4.0: free to cite & reuse
Snorri introduces Bragi among the Æsir as renowned for wisdom and above all for eloquence and skill with words. He knows the most about poetry, and Snorri says the word bragr, 'poetry', comes from his name. His wife is Iðunn, who keeps the apples the gods bite when they grow old so that they become young again. In his list of kennings Snorri calls Bragi Iðunn's husband, the first maker of poetry, the long-bearded god and Odin's son, and adds that a man with a big beard is called skeggbragi, 'beard-Bragi'. Grímnismál 44, which Snorri quotes in Gylfaginning, ranks the best of each kind, among them Yggdrasil of trees, Odin of the Æsir, Sleipnir of horses, Bifröst of bridges and Bragi of poets. Sigrdrífumál 16 names 'Bragi's tongue' among the places where runes were carved before they were scraped off and mixed into the holy mead.
He is the gods' storyteller. Snorri opens Skáldskaparmál with the sea giant Ægir visiting Ásgarðr, where twelve Æsir sat on high seats as judges, Bragi among them. Bragi sat next to Ægir, they drank and talked, and Bragi told him many tales of what the Æsir had done: how the giant Þjazi carried off Iðunn, and how Odin won the mead of poetry. When Ægir asks how many kinds of poetry there are, Bragi answers that there are two, language and metre, and Snorri's treatise on poetic language starts from that conversation.
Lokasenna shows him under attack. When Loki forces his way into Ægir's hall and asks for a seat, Bragi answers that the Æsir will never choose him one (st. 8). Odin overrules him, and before drinking Loki hails every god and goddess except Bragi (st. 11). Bragi offers him a horse, a sword and a ring to keep the peace (st. 12). Loki answers that Bragi will always lack both horses and arm-rings and is the most wary of battle of everyone in the hall (st. 13). Bragi says that if he were outside, he would carry Loki's head in his hand (st. 14), and Loki mocks him as bekkskrautuðr, 'bench-ornament', brave only in his seat (st. 15). Iðunn begs her husband not to trade insults with Loki and says she is calming him, merry with beer, so the two will not fight (st. 16 and 18).
Two 10th-century memorial poems give him a place in Valhalla. In Eiríksmál, when a great din is heard, Bragi takes it for Baldr coming back to Odin's halls, and Odin tells 'wise Bragi' not to talk nonsense: the noise is for King Eiríkr (st. 3–4). In Hákonarmál, Odin sends Hermóðr and Bragi to meet King Hákon, and Bragi promises him the peace of the einherjar, ale from the Æsir and eight brothers already in the hall (st. 14–16). Snorri's Heimskringla also records a toast. At sacrifices, Hákonar saga góða says, many men drank the Braga full after the cups of Odin, Njörðr and Freyr; in Ynglinga saga, at a king's funeral feast, the heir stood up to meet the bragafull, made a vow, drank, and only then took his father's high seat. Snorri also quotes a poet he calls Bragi the Old and says he made a drápa about Ragnar loðbrók, and Skáldatal names him Bragi Boddason. Whether the god is this poet raised among the gods is a scholarly hypothesis, not something the sources say.

Primary source Verbatim

Bragi heitir einn. Hann er ágætr at speki ok mest at málsnilld ok orðfimi. Hann kann mest af skáldskap, ok af honum er bragr kallaðr skáldskapr, ok af hans nafni er sá kallaðr bragr karla eða bragr kvinna, er orðsnilld hefir framar en aðrir, kona eða karlmaðr. Kona hans er Iðunn. Hon varðveitir í eski sínu epli þau, er goðin skulu á bíta, þá er þau eldast, ok verða þá allir ungir, ok svá mun vera allt til ragnarökrs.

One is called Bragi. He is renowned for wisdom, and most of all for eloquence and skill with words. He knows the most about poetry, and from him poetry is called bragr, and from his name a woman or man who has a gift for words beyond others is called bragr karla or bragr kvinna, 'bragr of men' or 'bragr of women'. His wife is Iðunn. She keeps in her box the apples that the gods must bite when they grow old, and then they all become young, and so it will be right up to Ragnarök.

GYLFAGINNING, ch. 26 · translation editorial ↗
Manuscript
Codex Regius of Snorra Edda (GKS 2367 4to)
Compiler
Snorri Sturluson
Place & date
Iceland, c. 1220 (manuscript early 14th c.)
Held at
Árni Magnússon Institute, Reykjavík

Etymology

Bragi Old Norse usually connected with bragr, 'poetry'. Snorri says the word comes from the god's name; many scholars think it is the other way round, and that the god is named from the word
bragr Old Norse 'poetry, verse', the first of the plain words for poetry in Snorri's list; in phrases such as bragr kvinna also 'the foremost, the best', which Snorri explains as someone with a gift for words beyond others

Snorri derives other words from men named Bragi as well: bragnar, a poetic word for men, from the followers of a King Bragi the Old, and Bragningar, a royal line, from Bragi, a son of Hálfdan the Old. The name of the toast is uncertain in the same way: the sagas write Braga full (Hákonar saga góða) and Bragafull (Ynglinga saga), 'Bragi's cup', while some scholars prefer bragarfull, 'cup of the foremost', from bragr.

Common misconceptions

Common claim What the record says
“Bragi is the Norse god of music who plays a harp.” The sources make him a god of wisdom, eloquence and poetry. None of the medieval texts that name him gives him a harp or any other instrument, or calls him a god of music. The harp, used in the figure on this page, is modern iconography.
“Bragi was a real poet who became a god.” A hypothesis, not what the sources say. Snorri quotes a poet he calls Bragi the Old, says he made a drápa about Ragnar loðbrók, and Skáldatal names him Bragi Boddason, but Snorri never says the poet and the god are the same. Some scholars think the god is this skald raised among the gods; others find no decisive reason to think so, and the question is still open.
“The bragafull toast was drunk in honour of the god Bragi.” Not certain. Hákonar saga góða lists the Braga full after the cups of Odin, Njörðr and Freyr, which suggests a cup for a god, and Ynglinga saga describes the bragafull as the cup an heir rose to meet and vowed over before taking his father's seat. Neither text says the cup belonged to Bragi, and some scholars derive the name from bragr, 'the foremost', as bragarfull, 'cup of the foremost'.

Frequently asked questions

Who is Bragi in Norse mythology?
The god of poetry among the Aesir. Snorri says he is renowned for wisdom and above all for eloquence, that he knows the most about poetry, and that his wife is Idunn. In a list of kennings Snorri also calls him the long-bearded god and the son of Odin.
What is Bragi the god of?
Poetry and eloquence. Snorri says the word bragr, 'poetry', comes from his name, and in the Eddic poem Grimnismal Bragi is named the best of poets. No medieval source makes him a god of music or gives him a harp; the harp comes from modern iconography.
Who is Bragi's wife?
Idunn, who keeps the apples the gods eat when they grow old so that they become young again. Bragi himself tells the story of how the giant Thjazi carried her off, sitting next to the sea giant Aegir at a feast in Asgard.
What happened between Bragi and Loki?
In the poem Lokasenna, Loki hails every god and goddess at Aegir's feast except Bragi. Bragi offers him a horse, a sword and a ring to keep the peace, Loki calls him a coward and a 'bench-ornament', and Bragi says he would take Loki's head if they were outside. Idunn calms her husband before they come to blows.
What is the bragafull?
A cup drunk at feasts. In Ynglinga saga, the heir at a king's funeral feast stood up to meet the bragafull, made a vow and drank before taking his father's high seat; King Ingjald made his vow over a great horn and that evening had six kings burned inside the hall. Whether the name means 'Bragi's cup' or 'cup of the foremost' is debated.
Was Bragi a real person?
There was a real poet of that name. Snorri quotes verses by Bragi the Old, who made a poem about Ragnar Lodbrok, and the list of poets called Skaldatal names him Bragi Boddason. Some scholars think the god is this poet raised among the gods, but that is a hypothesis: neither Snorri nor Skaldatal says the two are the same.

Bibliography

  1. 1. Snorri Sturluson, Edda (Gylfaginning 1, 26 and 41; Skáldskaparmál chs. 1–7, 17, 30, 51, 67, 80 and 81 in Guðni Jónsson's text), c. 1220. Text ed. Guðni Jónsson; trans. Anthony Faulkes, Everyman, 1987. heimskringla.no ↗
  2. 2. The Poetic Edda (Grímnismál 44; Lokasenna, prose introduction and st. 8–18; Sigrdrífumál 13–18), Codex Regius, GKS 2365 4to, c. 1270. Trans. Carolyne Larrington, rev. ed., Oxford World's Classics, 2014. handrit.is ↗
  3. 3. Eiríksmál, st. 1–4 (preserved in Fagrskinna), and Eyvindr skáldaspillir, Hákonarmál, st. 14–16, 10th c.; Bragi Boddason, Ragnarsdrápa, 9th c. by tradition. Text in Finnur Jónsson, Carmina Scaldica, 1929. heimskringla.no ↗
  4. 4. Snorri Sturluson, Heimskringla: Ynglinga saga, ch. 40, and Hákonar saga góða, chs. 16 and 32 (chapter numbers of the heimskringla.no text, ed. N. Linder and H. A. Haggson; Finnur Jónsson's edition numbers the first two as Ynglinga saga ch. 36 and Hákonar saga góða ch. 14), c. 1230. heimskringla.no ↗
  5. 5. P. A. Munch, Norrøne gude- og heltesagn, rev. Magnus Olsen, Kristiania, 1922, § 19 'Brage'; Finnur Jónsson, Den islandske litteraturs historie tilligemed den oldnorske, 1907, 'Norske skjalde'. heimskringla.no ↗

Cite this entry

VikingsBrand. “Bragi.” VikingsBrand Library, reviewed 3 October 2026, vikingsbrand.co/pages/library/bragi.