Library reference · Gods
Hodr
/ˈhɔːðər/Old Norse Höðr, masculine name (accusative Höð, genitive Haðar, dative Heði); also Hod, Hoder, Hodur
The blind god of the Æsir who killed Baldr. Loki put a shoot of mistletoe in his hand and showed him where to aim. Váli, a son of Odin born to avenge Baldr, killed Höðr in turn, and after Ragnarök Höðr and Baldr return together.
His one scene is Baldr's death (Gylfaginning 49). Frigg had made everything swear not to harm Baldr, and the gods made a game of shooting and striking at him. Höðr stood at the edge of the ring because he was blind. Loki, who had learned from Frigg that the young mistletoe had sworn no oath, came to him with a shoot of it and asked why he was not shooting. Höðr answered that he could not see where Baldr was and had no weapon. Loki told him to honour Baldr as the others did and offered to show him where to aim, and Höðr shot. The shaft went through Baldr and he fell dead. No one could take vengeance there, Snorri says, because the place was a great sanctuary. Völuspá 31–32 tells the same moment in verse: the slender mistletoe became a dangerous shaft of grief, and Höðr shot. In Baldrs draumar 9 a dead seeress tells Odin beforehand that Höðr will be Baldr's bane.
Vengeance came from a son born for it. Völuspá 32–33 says that Baldr's brother was born soon after and fought when one night old; he did not wash his hands or comb his hair until he had brought Baldr's adversary to the pyre. Baldrs draumar 11 names him: Rindr bears Váli in the western halls. Völuspá in skamma, preserved inside Hyndluljóð, says Váli slew his brother's killer, and Snorri's kennings call Váli 'Höðr's foe and slayer'. Gylfaginning itself never tells Höðr's death and moves straight to Loki's punishment. Both brothers come back. Völuspá 62 says Höðr and Baldr will live together in Odin's victory-halls in the new world, and in Gylfaginning 53 the two come from Hel to sit with the surviving gods, talking over their secret lore and the old days of the Midgard Serpent and Fenrir.
The Danish historian Saxo Grammaticus, writing around 1200, tells a separate story in Book 3 of his Gesta Danorum. His Hotherus is a human prince, son of the Swedish king Hothbrodus and foster-son of King Gevarus, whose daughter Nanna he loves. Balderus, a son of Othinus, wants her too; the forest maidens who advise Hotherus warn him that Balderus is a demigod. Hotherus is not blind: Saxo praises him as a swimmer, an archer and a musician. He forces the satyr Mimingus to give up the one sword that can wound Balderus, wins a sea battle against the gods by cutting Thor's club off at the haft, and marries Nanna. Balderus later beats him twice, but Hotherus wounds him in the side on a chance meeting, and Balderus dies three days after. Othinus then fathers Bous on Rinda, and Bous kills Hotherus in battle, dying of his own wounds the next day. The two traditions share the names, the killing and the avenger born to Rind; which is closer to the older myth is debated.
Primary source Verbatim
Því næst hvarf konan á braut, en Loki tók mistiltein ok sleit upp ok gekk til þings. En Höðr stóð útarliga í mannhringnum, því at hann var blindr. Þá mælti Loki við hann: "Hví skýtr þú ekki at Baldri?" Hann svarar: "Því, at ek sé eigi, hvar Baldr er, ok þat annat, at ek em vápnlauss." Þá mælti Loki: "Gerðu þó í líking annarra manna ok veit Baldri sæmð sem aðrir menn. Ek mun vísa þér til, hvar hann stendr. Skjót at honum vendi þessum." Höðr tók mistiltein ok skaut at Baldri at tilvísun Loka. Flaug skotit í gegnum Baldr, ok féll hann dauðr til jarðar, ok hefir þat mest óhapp verit unnit með goðum ok mönnum.
Then the woman went away, and Loki took the mistletoe, pulled it up and went to the assembly. Höðr was standing at the outer edge of the ring of people, because he was blind. Then Loki said to him: 'Why are you not shooting at Baldr?' He answers: 'Because I cannot see where Baldr is, and besides, I have no weapon.' Then Loki said: 'Do as other people do all the same, and show Baldr honour as the others do. I will direct you to where he is standing. Shoot at him with this twig.' Höðr took the mistletoe and shot at Baldr as Loki directed. The shot flew through Baldr, and he fell dead to the ground, and that was the greatest misfortune ever done among gods and men.
GYLFAGINNING, ch. 49 · translation editorial ↗
Etymology
The same element is usually seen in the name Höðbroddr, borne by a king in Völsunga saga and, in Latin form as Hothbrodus, by the father of Saxo's Hotherus. The link between the god's name and höð is the usual explanation, not a proven one.
Common misconceptions
Frequently asked questions
Who is Hodr in Norse mythology?
Why did Hodr kill Baldr?
Was Hodr blind?
What happened to Hodr after he killed Baldr?
Does Hodr return after Ragnarok?
Is Hodr the same as Hotherus in Saxo Grammaticus?
Bibliography
- 1. Snorri Sturluson, Edda (Gylfaginning 28, 49, 50 and 53; Skáldskaparmál 12 and 13 in Faulkes' numbering, 19 and 20 in the heimskringla.no text), c. 1220. Ed. Anthony Faulkes, Viking Society for Northern Research, 1998 and 2005; trans. Anthony Faulkes, Everyman, 1987. heimskringla.no ↗
- 2. The Poetic Edda (Völuspá 31–33 and 62; Lokasenna 28), Codex Regius, GKS 2365 4to, c. 1270; Baldrs draumar 8–11 in AM 748 I a 4to; Völuspá in skamma 1 (Hyndluljóð 29 in Bugge's numbering), within Hyndluljóð in Flateyjarbók. Text ed. Guðni Jónsson; trans. Carolyne Larrington, rev. ed., Oxford World's Classics, 2014. handrit.is ↗
- 3. Saxo Grammaticus, Gesta Danorum, Book III, c. 1200. Ed. Karsten Friis-Jensen, trans. Peter Fisher, Oxford Medieval Texts, 2015; also trans. Oliver Elton, 1894. la.wikisource.org ↗
- 4. Richard Cleasby and Gudbrand Vigfusson, An Icelandic-English Dictionary, Oxford, 1874, s.v. 'höð' and 'Höðr'.